# Framework Desktop AI Deployment Guide Replicating my local AI inference stack: three [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) OpenAI-compatible model servers on a Framework Desktop (AMD Ryzen AI Max 300, Strix Halo iGPU). Key design decisions: - **Rootless Podman Quadlet** — no docker-compose, no system services. Everything runs under a dedicated `ai` user via systemd user units. `~/.config/containers/systemd/` is the single source of truth. - **Locally built image** — `llama.cpp` is cloned to the box and its official Vulkan Dockerfile is built with podman. The image entrypoint is `/app/llama-server`, so quadlet `Exec=` args are passed straight to the server. - **Air-gapped model network** — all model servers sit on an `Internal=true` podman network with no internet egress. Ports are published to the host for API access. - **Ansible-driven** — playbooks on the workstation copy the right quadlet into place over SSH and restart the user-scoped systemd service. Swapping models is a one-line playbook var change. ``` workstation (laptop) ansible-playbook over SSH as user `ai` | v +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Framework Desktop "deskwork" (Fedora 43 Server Edition) | | | | user `ai` (loginctl linger on, rootless podman 5.x) | | /home/ai/.config/containers/systemd/ | | ├── ai-internal.network -> network systemd-ai-internal | | │ (Internal=true, no internet) | | ├── ai-embed.container -> :8001 EmbeddingGemma-300M | | ├── ai-lite.container -> :8002 gemma-4-E4B-it-qat (+MTP draft) | | └── ai-turbo.container -> :8003 Qwen3.6-35B-A3B (MTP) | | | | image : localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest (built from git clone) | | models: /home/ai/models/{text,embedding}/... (GGUF via hf CLI) | | GPU : /dev/kfd + /dev/dri passed into every container (Vulkan) | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ ``` | Port | Service | Model | Source quadlet | | ---- | -------- | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | | 8001 | ai-embed | EmbeddingGemma-300M | `embed/quadlets/embeddinggemma-embed.container` | | 8002 | ai-lite | gemma-4-E4B-it-qat (+MTP) | `lite/quadlets/gemma4-e4b-qat-lite.container` | | 8003 | ai-turbo | Qwen3.6-35B-A3B (MTP) | `turbo/quadlets/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-turbo.container` | --- ## 1. Hardware Framework Desktop with an AMD Ryzen AI Max 300 (Strix Halo) — the iGPU is a Vulkan device with access to the unified memory. 128 GB unified memory recommended. ### BIOS 1. Set GPU memory to 512MB ### Kernel args Edit `/etc/default/grub` and add the following to `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX`: ```conf amd_iommu=off amdgpu.gttsize=126976 ttm.pages_limit=32505856 ``` Then regenerate grub and reboot: ```bash sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg sudo reboot ``` After boot, verify the GPU is visible: ```bash ls -l /dev/kfd /dev/dri/renderD128 ``` Expected (note the world-writable modes — that's why the `ai` user needs no special groups): ```text crw-rw-rw-. 1 root render 234, 0 ... /dev/kfd crw-rw-rw-. 1 root render 226, 128 ... /dev/dri/renderD128 ``` ## 2. Operating System Fedora 43 (Server Edition, minimal is fine). Requires cgroup v2 and a recent podman with Quadlet support (`podman-systemd` generator) — Fedora 40+ ships it. ```bash sudo dnf install -y podman git podman --version # 5.x podman info --format '{{.Host.CgroupsVersion}}' # must print: v2 ``` ## 3. The `ai` user All containers run rootless as a dedicated `ai` user with linger enabled (so the user systemd manager + containers survive logout and start at boot). On the Framework Desktop: ```bash sudo useradd -m ai sudo loginctl enable-linger ai # Give the ai user SSH access from your workstation sudo -u ai mkdir -p /home/ai/.ssh sudo -u ai tee /home/ai/.ssh/authorized_keys > /dev/null < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub sudo -u ai chmod 700 /home/ai/.ssh sudo -u ai chmod 600 /home/ai/.ssh/authorized_keys ``` On your workstation's `~/.ssh/config`: ```text Host deskwork-ai HostName deskwork.reeselink.com User ai ``` (Use whatever hostname/IP your Framework Desktop has. The inventory and playbooks reference the host as `deskwork-ai`.) ## 4. Models As the `ai` user on the Framework Desktop. ### Install the Hugging Face CLI ```bash curl -LsSf https://hf.co/cli/install.sh | bash hf auth login ``` ### Create the model dirs ```bash mkdir -p /home/ai/models/{text,image,video,embedding,tts,stt} ``` ### Download the three model sets ```bash # --- embed (ai-embed, port 8001) --- mkdir -p /home/ai/models/embedding/emebeddinggemma-300m cd /home/ai/models/embedding/emebeddinggemma-300m # NOTE: the "emebeddinggemma" typo is intentional — it matches the quadlet below hf download --local-dir . ggml-org/EmbeddingGemma-300M-GGUF embeddinggemma-300M-BF16.gguf ``` ```bash # --- lite (ai-lite, port 8002) --- mkdir -p /home/ai/models/text/gemma-4-e4b-it-qat cd /home/ai/models/text/gemma-4-e4b-it-qat # main model + MTP draft (speculative decoding) + vision projector hf download --local-dir . unsloth/gemma-4-E4B-it-qat-GGUF \ --include gemma-4-E4B-it-qat-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf \ --include mtp-gemma-4-E4B-it.gguf \ --include mmproj-BF16.gguf ``` ```bash # --- turbo (ai-turbo, port 8003) --- mkdir -p /home/ai/models/text/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-mtp cd /home/ai/models/text/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-mtp hf download --local-dir . unsloth/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-MTP-GGUF \ --include Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q8_K_XL.gguf \ --include mmproj-F32.gguf ``` The turbo model is ~37 GB; make sure you have the space (`df -h /home`). ## 5. llama.cpp + the Vulkan image As the `ai` user on the Framework Desktop: ```bash cd /home/ai git clone https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git cd llama.cpp podman build -t llama-cpp-vulkan:latest -f .devops/vulkan.Dockerfile . ``` The multi-stage `.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile` builds the full toolset with the Vulkan backend; the final stage's entrypoint is `/app/llama-server`, so any args after the image name go straight to the server. Podman tags local builds under the `localhost/` namespace, which is why quadlets reference `localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest`. Verify: ```bash podman images | grep llama-cpp-vulkan ``` Optional extras (only if you use them): ```bash # ROCm image (for the AMD dGPU boxes) podman build -t llama-cpp-rocm:latest -f .devops/rocm.Dockerfile . # Diffusion variant (diffusion-gemma turbo quadlet) — built from a fork that # has diffusion support wired in git clone https://github.com/danielhanchen/llama.cpp.git llama.cpp-diffusion cd llama.cpp-diffusion podman build -t llama-cpp-diffusion-vulkan:latest -f .devops/vulkan.Dockerfile . ``` ## 6. Quadlet primer Podman Quadlet reads files from `~/.config/containers/systemd/` (rootless search path) and generates systemd user units via a systemd generator. No compose files, no hand-written units. Naming rules that matter here: | Quadlet file | Generated systemd service | Podman resource | | --------------- | ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | | `foo.container` | `foo.service` | container `systemd-foo` (unless `ContainerName=` overrides) | | `foo.network` | `foo-network.service` | network `systemd-foo` | - `Network=ai-internal.network` in a container quadlet means: use the network from the `ai-internal.network` quadlet file **and** auto-add a dependency on `ai-internal-network.service`, so the network exists before the container starts. - Quadlet units are "transient" (generated), so `systemctl enable` doesn't apply — the generator applies the `[Install]` section itself. That's what `WantedBy=multi-user.target default.target` in every file below is for: start at boot. - Image pulls can exceed systemd's default 90s start timeout, hence `TimeoutStartSec=900`. - Debugging: `systemd-analyze --user verify .service` and `/usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/podman-system-generator --user --dryrun`. Full quadlet reference: ## 7. The files Everything below lives in the `Deployments` repo on the workstation. Layout: ```text Deployments/ ├── inventory.yaml └── reeseapps/ai/ ├── roles/containers-infra/ │ ├── tasks/main.yaml │ └── templates/ai-internal.network └── deployments/ ├── embed/ │ ├── playbook.yaml │ └── quadlets/embeddinggemma-embed.container ├── lite/ │ ├── playbook.yaml │ └── quadlets/ │ ├── gemma4-e2b-qat-lite.container │ ├── gemma4-e4b-qat-lite.container <- active │ └── lfm2.5-2.6b.container └── turbo/ ├── playbook.yaml └── quadlets/ ├── diffusion-gemma.container ├── gemma-4-26b-a4b-turbo.container ├── gemma-4-qat-turbo.container ├── muse-glimmer-30b-juggernaut-turbo.container └── qwen3.6-35b-a3b-turbo.container <- active ``` ### 7.1 inventory.yaml Only the `ai` group is needed for this stack: ```yaml ai: hosts: deskwork-ai: ansible_python_interpreter: /usr/bin/python3 ``` ### 7.2 The `containers-infra` role Runs first in every playbook. Creates the quadlet dir and installs the air-gapped network. `reeseapps/ai/roles/containers-infra/tasks/main.yaml`: ```yaml - name: Create /home/ai/.config/containers/systemd ansible.builtin.file: path: /home/ai/.config/containers/systemd state: directory mode: "0755" - name: Copy infra quadlets template: src: "{{ item }}" dest: "/home/ai/.config/containers/systemd/{{ item }}" loop: - ai-internal.network ``` `reeseapps/ai/roles/containers-infra/templates/ai-internal.network`: ```ini [Network] Internal=true ``` `Internal=true` gives the network NAT-style local connectivity but no internet egress — the model servers don't need it. ### 7.3 The playbooks All three playbooks have the same shape: run the infra role, copy the selected quadlet (chosen by the `container_file` var) to a fixed destination name, then daemon-reload and restart the resulting user service. `reeseapps/ai/deployments/embed/playbook.yaml`: ```yaml - name: Create Embedding AI Stack hosts: deskwork-ai vars: container_file: quadlets/embeddinggemma-embed.container roles: - ../../roles/containers-infra tasks: - name: Copy ai-embed.container copy: src: "{{ container_file }}" dest: /home/ai/.config/containers/systemd/ai-embed.container owner: ai group: ai mode: "0644" - name: Reload and start the ai-embed service ansible.builtin.systemd_service: state: restarted name: ai-embed daemon_reload: true scope: user ``` `reeseapps/ai/deployments/lite/playbook.yaml`: ```yaml - name: Create Lite Service hosts: deskwork-ai vars: container_file: quadlets/gemma4-e4b-qat-lite.container roles: - ../../roles/containers-infra tasks: - name: Copy ai-lite.container copy: src: "{{ container_file }}" dest: /home/ai/.config/containers/systemd/ai-lite.container owner: ai group: ai mode: "0644" - name: Reload and start the ai-lite service ansible.builtin.systemd_service: state: restarted name: ai-lite daemon_reload: true scope: user ``` `reeseapps/ai/deployments/turbo/playbook.yaml`: ```yaml - name: Create Turbo AI Stack hosts: deskwork-ai vars: container_file: quadlets/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-turbo.container roles: - ../../roles/containers-infra tasks: - name: Copy ai-turbo.container copy: src: "{{ container_file }}" dest: /home/ai/.config/containers/systemd/ai-turbo.container owner: ai group: ai mode: "0644" - name: Reload and start the ai-turbo service ansible.builtin.systemd_service: state: restarted name: ai-turbo daemon_reload: true scope: user ``` To swap which model a service runs, change only the `container_file` var and re-run that playbook. ### 7.4 The quadlets (currently active variants) `embed/quadlets/embeddinggemma-embed.container` → installed as `ai-embed.container`: ```ini [Unit] Description=A Llama CPP Server For Embedding Models [Container] ContainerName=ai-embed # Internet-disconnected network Network=ai-internal.network # llama.cpp juggernaut PublishPort=8001:8001/tcp # Image is built locally via podman build Image=localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest AutoUpdate=registry # Downloaded models volume Volume=/home/ai/models/embedding:/models:z # GPU Device AddDevice=/dev/kfd AddDevice=/dev/dri # Server command Exec=--port 8001 \ -c 0 \ -b 1024 \ -ub 1024 \ --perf \ --n-gpu-layers all \ --embedding \ -m /models/emebeddinggemma-300m/embeddinggemma-300M-BF16.gguf \ --alias embed # Health Check HealthCmd=CMD-SHELL curl --fail http://127.0.0.1:8001/health || exit 1 HealthInterval=10s HealthRetries=3 HealthStartPeriod=10s HealthTimeout=30s HealthOnFailure=kill # EnvironmentFile=/home/ai/.llama-api/keys.env [Service] Restart=always # Extend Timeout to allow time to pull the image TimeoutStartSec=900 [Install] # Start by default on boot WantedBy=multi-user.target default.target ``` `lite/quadlets/gemma4-e4b-qat-lite.container` → installed as `ai-lite.container`: ```ini [Unit] Description=A Llama CPP Server Running a Non-Reasoning Model [Container] ContainerName=ai-lite # Internet-disconnected network Network=ai-internal.network # llama.cpp juggernaut PublishPort=8002:8002/tcp # Image is built locally via podman build Image=localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest AutoUpdate=registry # Downloaded models volume Volume=/home/ai/models/text:/models:z # GPU Device AddDevice=/dev/kfd AddDevice=/dev/dri # Server command Exec=--port 8002 \ --parallel 1 \ --temp 1.0 \ --top-p 0.95 \ --top-k 64 \ -fa on \ --no-mmap \ --kv-unified \ --perf \ --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 3 \ --reasoning off \ --model /models/gemma-4-e4b-it-qat/gemma-4-E4B-it-qat-UD-Q4_K_XL.gguf \ --model-draft /models/gemma-4-e4b-it-qat/mtp-gemma-4-E4B-it.gguf \ --mmproj /models/gemma-4-e4b-it-qat/mmproj-BF16.gguf \ --alias lite # Health Check HealthCmd=CMD-SHELL curl --fail http://127.0.0.1:8002/health || exit 1 HealthInterval=10s HealthRetries=3 HealthStartPeriod=10s HealthTimeout=30s HealthOnFailure=kill # EnvironmentFile=/home/ai/.llama-api/keys.env [Service] Restart=always # Extend Timeout to allow time to pull the image TimeoutStartSec=900 [Install] # Start by default on boot WantedBy=multi-user.target default.target ``` `turbo/quadlets/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-turbo.container` → installed as `ai-turbo.container`: ```ini [Unit] Description=A Llama CPP Server Running a Reasoning Model [Container] ContainerName=ai-turbo # Internet-disconnected network Network=ai-internal.network # llama.cpp juggernaut PublishPort=8003:8003/tcp # Image is built locally via podman build # latest-mtp is for mtp testing # latest is main branch Image=localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest AutoUpdate=registry # Downloaded models volume Volume=/home/ai/models/text:/models:z # GPU Device AddDevice=/dev/kfd AddDevice=/dev/dri # Server command Exec=--port 8003 \ --temp 0.7 \ --top-p 0.8 \ --top-k 20 \ --presence-penalty 1.5 \ --min-p 0.00 \ --chat-template-kwargs '{"enable_thinking":false}' \ -ctk q8_0 \ -ctv q8_0 \ --kv-unified \ --parallel 2 \ -fa on \ --load-mode none \ --image-min-tokens 4096 \ --image-max-tokens 4096 \ --n-gpu-layers all \ --perf \ --jinja \ --reasoning-preserve \ -m /models/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-mtp/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q8_K_XL.gguf \ --mmproj /models/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-mtp/mmproj-F32.gguf \ --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 3 \ --spec-draft-type-k q8_0 \ --spec-draft-type-v q8_0 \ --alias turbo # Health Check # CMD-SHELL is string form, CMD is array form HealthCmd=CMD-SHELL curl --fail http://127.0.0.1:8003/health || exit 1 HealthInterval=10s HealthRetries=3 HealthStartPeriod=30s HealthTimeout=30s HealthOnFailure=kill [Service] Restart=always # Extend Timeout to allow time to pull the image TimeoutStartSec=900 [Install] # Start by default on boot WantedBy=multi-user.target default.target ``` Notes on the server flags: - `--alias` sets the model name served on `/v1/models`. - `--spec-type draft-mtp` + `--model-draft` (or the MTP head inside the main GGUF for Qwen) enables MTP speculative decoding for a big speedup. - `-fa on` = flash attention; `--n-gpu-layers all` = offload everything to the GPU; `--perf` prints timing stats to the log. - The healthcheck hits the server's `/health` endpoint; `HealthOnFailure=kill` + `Restart=always` means a wedged server is killed and restarted by systemd. - `:z` on the volume = SELinux shared-label for rootless containers. ## 8. Ansible setup (workstation) From zero on the workstation: ```bash # Install ansible (my setup uses pipx; uv tool install ansible works too) pipx install ansible ansible-playbook --version ``` No Ansible Galaxy collections are required for this stack — the playbooks only use `ansible.builtin` modules and the local `containers-infra` role (referenced by relative path `../../roles/containers-infra`, which is why the directory layout in §7.1 must be preserved). Put the files from §7 into a `Deployments/` directory on the workstation (or clone the full repo if you have access). Then, from the repo root: ```bash cd Deployments # Order matters only for the first run: embed creates the shared network. ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml reeseapps/ai/deployments/embed/playbook.yaml ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml reeseapps/ai/deployments/lite/playbook.yaml ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml reeseapps/ai/deployments/turbo/playbook.yaml ``` Each run is idempotent and safe to re-run. The first turbo start will take a while (37 GB model load) — that's what `TimeoutStartSec=900` is for. ## 9. Verification On the Framework Desktop (as `ai`): ```bash systemctl --user status ai-embed ai-lite ai-turbo podman ps podman network ls | grep systemd-ai-internal journalctl --user -fu ai-turbo # watch startup, look for the --perf stats ``` Expected `podman ps`: ```text ai-embed localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest 0.0.0.0:8001->8001/tcp ai-lite localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest 0.0.0.0:8002->8002/tcp ai-turbo localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest 0.0.0.0:8003->8003/tcp ``` From the host (OpenAI-compatible API): ```bash # Health curl http://localhost:8001/health curl http://localhost:8002/health curl http://localhost:8003/health # List models curl -s http://localhost:8003/v1/models | jq # Chat completion (turbo) curl -s http://localhost:8003/v1/chat/completions \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "model": "turbo", "messages": [ {"role": "user", "content": "Say hello in five words."} ], "max_tokens": 100 }' | jq # Chat completion (lite) curl -s http://localhost:8002/v1/chat/completions \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "model": "lite", "messages": [ {"role": "user", "content": "Say hello in five words."} ], "max_tokens": 100 }' | jq # Embeddings (embed) curl -s http://localhost:8001/v1/embeddings \ -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ -d '{ "model": "embed", "input": "This is the reason you ended up here." }' | jq '.data[0].embedding[0:5]' ``` ## 10. Day-2 operations ### Swap the model a service runs Change `container_file` in that service's playbook and re-run it: ```bash # e.g. run the smaller 2B gemma on ai-lite instead $EDITOR reeseapps/ai/deployments/lite/playbook.yaml # container_file: quadlets/gemma4-e2b-qat-lite.container ansible-playbook -i inventory.yaml reeseapps/ai/deployments/lite/playbook.yaml ``` Available swap-in quadlets: - lite: `gemma4-e2b-qat-lite.container`, `gemma4-e4b-qat-lite.container` (active), `lfm2.5-2.6b.container` - turbo: `qwen3.6-35b-a3b-turbo.container` (active), `gemma-4-26b-a4b-turbo.container`, `gemma-4-qat-turbo.container`, `muse-glimmer-30b-juggernaut-turbo.container`, `diffusion-gemma.container` (uses `localhost/llama-cpp-diffusion-vulkan:latest`) Make sure the model files the new quadlet references are already downloaded (see the `--model` / `--mmproj` / `--model-draft` paths inside it). ### Update llama.cpp (image rebuild) On the Framework Desktop as `ai`: ```bash cd /home/ai/llama.cpp git pull podman build -t llama-cpp-vulkan:latest -f .devops/vulkan.Dockerfile . # Restart the servers so they pick up the new image systemctl --user restart ai-embed ai-lite ai-turbo ``` Tagged snapshots are a good habit: ```bash export BUILD_TAG=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") podman build -t llama-cpp-vulkan:${BUILD_TAG} -t llama-cpp-vulkan:latest -f .devops/vulkan.Dockerfile . ``` Note: `AutoUpdate=registry` in the quadlets is effectively a no-op for `localhost/` images (podman auto-update needs a remote registry to compare against) — updates are manual, as above. ### Logs and troubleshooting ```bash journalctl --user -fu ai-turbo # follow logs systemctl --user status ai-embed ai-lite ai-turbo podman exec ai-turbo curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8003/health systemd-analyze --user verify ai-turbo.service # validate generated unit /usr/lib/systemd/system-generators/podman-system-generator --user --dryrun ``` Common failures: - `Unit ai-turbo.service not found` → the generator failed on a bad quadlet option (often a syntax error or an option your podman version doesn't know). Run the `podman-system-generator --dryrun` command above to see the error. - GPU errors at startup → confirm `/dev/kfd` and `/dev/dri/renderD128` exist and the user can read/write them; on a box where they're `0660`, add the user: `sudo usermod -aG render ai` then re-login. - Service times out on first start → normal while loading a big model; `TimeoutStartSec=900` covers ~15 min. - SELinux `avc` denials on model reads → make sure volume mounts use the `:z` suffix. ### Manual escape hatch Skip systemd entirely and run a server by hand (useful for testing a new model): ```bash podman run -it --rm \ --device=/dev/kfd \ --device=/dev/dri \ -v /home/ai/models/text:/models:z \ --entrypoint /bin/bash \ localhost/llama-cpp-vulkan:latest ./llama-server \ -m /models/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-mtp/Qwen3.6-35B-A3B-UD-Q8_K_XL.gguf \ --mmproj /models/qwen3.6-35b-a3b-mtp/mmproj-F32.gguf \ --port 8003 \ -ctk q8_0 -ctv q8_0 \ --kv-unified \ --parallel 2 \ -fa on \ --load-mode none \ --n-gpu-layers all \ --perf \ --jinja \ --reasoning-preserve \ --spec-type draft-mtp --spec-draft-n-max 3 \ --spec-draft-type-k q8_0 \ --spec-draft-type-v q8_0 ``` ## References - Podman Quadlet: - llama.cpp server docs: - Framework Desktop hardware notes: `active/device_framework_desktop/framework_desktop.md` - Broader AI stack notes (model lists, benchmarks, vLLM, stable-diffusion.cpp): `active/software_ai_stack/ai_stack.md`