# FreeIPA

- [FreeIPA](#freeipa)
  - [Notes](#notes)
  - [Quickstart Debugging Setup](#quickstart-debugging-setup)
  - [Quickstart Production Setup](#quickstart-production-setup)
  - [Tips](#tips)
  - [Adding a user](#adding-a-user)
  - [PIV](#piv)
    - [Sources](#sources)
    - [Set up PIV Auth on the Host where you Installed FreeIPA](#set-up-piv-auth-on-the-host-where-you-installed-freeipa)
      - [Note for VMs](#note-for-vms)
      - [Set up PIV](#set-up-piv)
    - [Set up PIV on Another Host](#set-up-piv-on-another-host)
    - [PIV Smart Card (Yubikey Manual) WIP](#piv-smart-card-yubikey-manual-wip)
    - [PIV Smart Card (Taglio) WIP](#piv-smart-card-taglio-wip)
    - [Finding devices in sysfs WIP](#finding-devices-in-sysfs-wip)
    - [Finding p11 devices WIP](#finding-p11-devices-wip)
  - [Arch Client WIP](#arch-client-wip)

An AD Server.

This guide assumes Fedora 40+.

## Notes

For yubikey manager appimage extend app not responding timeout to 60 seconds

```bash
gsettings set org.gnome.mutter check-alive-timeout 0
```

## Quickstart Debugging Setup

This sets up a freeipa server on RHEL 9 for debugging purposes. No DNS records required
and mostly for local use.

```bash
# Don't forget to install tmux
dnf install -y tmux
```

Install FreeIPA:

```bash
# Hostname needs to be an address that isn't managed by DNS (FreeIPA will check)
# We can get away with *.name.reeselink.com because "name.reeselink.com" doesn't resolve.
export HNAME="freeipa.reese.reeselink.com"
export IPS=$(hostname -I)
# Add "<ip address> freeipa.<unique_name>.reeselink.com" to the /etc/hosts
# Example: "10.3.128.130 freeipa.reese.reeselink.com" <- note, this address *cannot* already exist.
# This will allow us to access our AD server without DNS complication 
for item in $IPS; do echo "$item $HNAME" >> /etc/hosts; done

# FreeIPA checks for this
hostnamectl set-hostname $HNAME --static
hostname $HNAME

# Turning off selinux isn't required, but is nice for debugging.
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config

# Install FreeIPA with the dns packages. We *could* use this server our DNS server if
# we wanted. This will prevent DCV from talking to our auth endpoint, however, so isn't
# recommended.
dnf install ipa-server-dns bind-dyndb-ldap -y

# IPA Server install
# Note - select defaults for almost everything except:
# 1. We want DNS, so say yes to that
# 2. We don't need to scan for additional zones
ipa-server-install --setup-dns

# Install flatpak
dnf install flatpak
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
flatpak install it.mijorus.gearlever
```

1. Download the yubikey manager at <https://www.yubico.com/support/download/yubikey-manager/>
2. Open it in Gear Lever and add to app menu

```bash
# Install pcscd
dnf install pcsc-lite opensc
# Start the pcscd server
systemctl enable --now pcscd
```

Now skip to [Get PIV Working](#piv)

## Quickstart Production Setup

<https://www.freeipa.org/page/Quick_Start_Guide>

- Set your hostname to your server's fqdn with `hostnamectl hostname freeipa.reeselink.com`
- Ensure you have a DNS entry pointing to your host
- Open ports:

```bash
firewall-cmd --add-service=freeipa-ldap --add-service=freeipa-ldaps
firewall-cmd --add-service=freeipa-ldap --add-service=freeipa-ldaps --permanent
```

- Set a permanet DNS resolver: `sudo echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf`
- Disable NetworkManager DNS management

```bash
vim /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

[main]
dns=none
```

Note, if installing for local use only, set /etc/hosts and reply "yes" to configure dns.

```bash
vim /etc/hosts

192.168.122.100 freeipa.reeselink.com
```

- Restart NetworkManager: `systemctl restart NetworkManager`
- Ensure resolv.conf hasn't been repopulated: `cat /etc/resolv.conf`
- Install freeipa: `dnf install -y freeipa-server freeipa-server-dns`
- Install the server (mostly choose defaults and sane options): `ipa-server-install`
- Authenticate as admin: `kinit admin`

Now skip to [Get PIV Working](#piv)

## Tips

```bash
# Install gnome desktop on Fedora server
dnf group install gnome-desktop
systemctl enable gdm
reboot

# Install spice tools for clipboard sync
sudo dnf install spice-vdagent
reboot
```

## Adding a user

- `ipa user-add`
- `ipa passwd <user>`
- `kinit <user>`

## PIV

### Sources

Self signed piv cert generation
<https://developers.yubico.com/yubico-piv-tool/Actions/key_generation.html>

Explaing Yubikey key slots
<https://developers.yubico.com/PIV/Introduction/Certificate_slots.html>

Ultimate guide to creating a CA
<https://checkmk.com/linux-knowledge/creating-server-certificate>

CA Public directory
<https://nextcloud.reeseapps.com/s/twRAFeWJZKJ3Qw5>

Convert pem to der
<https://knowledge.digicert.com/solution/how-to-convert-a-certificate-into-the-appropriate-format>

Add smart card login to extended key use
<https://docs.openssl.org/master/man5/x509v3_config/#key-usage>

This should set up a CA and a signed cert for your yubikey.
<https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/managing_smart_card_authentication/configuring-idm-for-smart-card-auth_managing-smart-card-authentication#conf-idm-server-for-smart-card-auth_configuring-idm-for-smart-card-auth>

### Set up PIV Auth on the Host where you Installed FreeIPA

#### Note for VMs

"virt-manager USB redirection error: Device is in use by another application"

You won't be able to pass through a smart card without stopping pcscd on the host.

```bash
systemctl stop pcscd.socket && systemctl stop pcscd
```

#### Set up PIV

```bash
# copy the CA and run the ipa-advise script that sets up smartcard auth
cp /etc/ipa/ca.crt ca.crt
sudo -i
kinit admin
ipa-advise config-server-for-smart-card-auth > config-server-for-smart-card-auth.sh
chmod +x config-server-for-smart-card-auth.sh
./config-server-for-smart-card-auth.sh ca.crt
```

Allow smart card auth in browser with these changes `/etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf`

```conf
...
SSLOCSPEnable off
...
SSLProtocol all -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1 -TLSv1.3
...
```

And restart httpd:

```bash
systemctl restart httpd
```

Then user -> actions -> new certificate. Paste in the yubikey CSR. Download then upload cert to the yubikey.

Auth with smart card

```bash
kinit -X X509_user_identity='PKCS11:opensc-pkcs11.so' idm_user
```

Or with pam

```bash
cp /etc/ipa/ca.crt /etc/sssd/pki/sssd_auth_ca_db.pem
dnf install -y sssd-tools
authselect enable-feature with-smartcard
# required: authselect enable-feature with-smartcard-required
# lock on remove: authselect enable-feature with-smartcard-lock-on-removal
# set "pam_cert_auth = True" in [pam] section of /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
systemctl restart sssd
sssctl user-checks -s gdm-smartcard "ducoterra" -a auth
```

### Set up PIV on Another Host

**NOTE**: Make sure, if you're joining with a host that already has a user with a username that
exists in your freeipa server, that **you set the UID in freeipa to match the UID on
the system**. Otherwise joining will cause all sorts of problems.

```bash
# This package is required to join a FreeIPA realm
# I think it helps collect and save the relevant data from the FreeIPA
# server when joining (server CA, NTP sync, SSH keys, etc.)
dnf install -y freeipa-client

hostnamectl set-hostname client.reese.reeselink.com

# OPTIONAL: You need to leave any existing AD realm before joining a new one
# realm leave <some-realm>
```

Add the freeipa server to our /etc/hosts so we don't need to set up DNS

```bash
vim /etc/hosts

`192.168.122.195 freeipa.reese.reeselink.com`

# This should populate /etc/krb5.conf and /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
realm join freeipa.reese.reeselink.com -v

# AD should be configured to create the user's home dir, but to be safe
export freeipa_user=ducoterra
mkdir /home/$freeipa_user
chown $freeipa_user:$freeipa_user /home/$freeipa_user

# Check login
su - $freeipa_user

# With kinit
kinit -X X509_user_identity='PKCS11:opensc-pkcs11.so' idm_user

# With sssctl
cp /etc/ipa/ca.crt /etc/sssd/pki/sssd_auth_ca_db.pem
dnf install -y sssd-tools
authselect enable-feature with-smartcard
# required: authselect enable-feature with-smartcard-required
# lock on remove: authselect enable-feature with-smartcard-lock-on-removal
# set "pam_cert_auth = True" in [pam] section of /etc/sssd/sssd.conf
systemctl restart sssd
sssctl user-checks -s gdm-smartcard "ducoterra" -a auth
```

### PIV Smart Card (Yubikey Manual) WIP

```bash
openssl req -x509 -config openssl-ca.cnf -days 3650 -newkey rsa:4096 -sha256 -nodes -out cacert.pem -outform PEM
touch index.txt
echo '01' > serial.txt

# Sign the csr generated in slot 9a on your yubikey
openssl ca -config openssl-ca.cnf -policy signing_policy -extensions signing_req -out reese-crt.pem -infiles reese-csr.pem

# Inspect
openssl x509 -in reese-crt.pem -text -noout

# Convert to microsoft format
openssl x509 -outform der -in reese-crt.pem -out reese-crt-der.cer
```

OCSP Server

<https://bhashineen.medium.com/create-your-own-ocsp-server-ffb212df8e63>

```bash
openssl req -new -nodes -out ocspSigning.csr -keyout ocspSigning.key
openssl ca -keyfile rootCA.key -cert rootCA.crt -in ocspSigning.csr -out ocspSigning.crt -config validation.conf
```

### PIV Smart Card (Taglio) WIP

<https://github.com/OpenSC/OpenSC/wiki/Using-pkcs11-tool-and-OpenSSL>

```bash
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out testkey.key 2048
openssl rsa -in testkey.key -pubout -out testkey-public.key
openssl req -new -key testkey.key -out testkey.csr

# Sign with CA
```

### Finding devices in sysfs WIP

```bash
# Try this
ls /dev/input/by-id
udevadm info --query=all --name='/dev/input/by-id/usb-Yubico_YubiKey_OTP+FIDO+CCID-event-kbd'
# Look for E: DEVPATH and put /sys in front of it
# For example:
cd /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:02:00.0/usb1/1-3/1-3:1.0/0003:1050:0407.0004/input/input10/event6

# Or alternatively
find /sys -name 'removable'
cd /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:02.1/0000:02:00.0/usb1/1-3
```

### Finding p11 devices WIP

```bash
dnf install python3-pip python3-devel gcc
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -U pip
pip install python-pkcs11
export PKCS11_MODULE=/usr/lib64/p11-kit-proxy.so
```

## Arch Client WIP

- Install krb5: `pacman -S krb5`
- Edit /etc/krb5.conf to match your server

```conf
vim /etc/krb5.conf

[logging]
 default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
 kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
 admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log

[libdefaults]
 default_realm = REESELINK.COM
 dns_lookup_realm = false
 dns_lookup_kdc = true
 rdns = false
 ticket_lifetime = 24h
 forwardable = true
 udp_preference_limit = 0
 default_ccache_name = KEYRING:persistent:%{uid}

[realms]
 REESELINK.COM = {
  kdc = freeipa.reeselink.com:88
  master_kdc = freeipa.reeselink.com:88
  kpasswd_server = freeipa.reeselink.com:464
  admin_server = freeipa.reeselink.com:749
  default_domain = reeselink.com
  pkinit_anchors = FILE:/var/lib/ipa-client/pki/kdc-ca-bundle.pem
  pkinit_pool = FILE:/var/lib/ipa-client/pki/ca-bundle.pem
}

[domain_realm]
 .reeselink.com = REESELINK.COM
 reeselink.com = REESELINK.COM
 freeipa.reeselink.com = REESELINK.COM
```

- Log in with your user: `kinit <user>`
- List your tickets: `klist`