get cloud-init working consistently

.gitea/workflows/caddy.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+name: Podman DDNS Image
+run-name: Build and Push the Custom Caddy Image with Route53 DNS Certbot
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - active/podman_caddy/**
+      - .gitea/workflows/caddy.yaml
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '@daily'
+jobs:
+  build-and-push-ddns:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: gitea.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out repository code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Login to Gitea Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@v2
+        with:
+          registry: gitea.reeseapps.com
+          username: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
+      - name: Build and push Docker image
+        uses: https://github.com/docker/build-push-action@v5
+        with:
+          context: ${{ gitea.workspace }}/active/podman_caddy
+          file: ${{ gitea.workspace }}/active/podman_caddy/Containerfile
+          push: true
+          tags: "gitea.reeseapps.com/services/caddy:latest,gitea.reeseapps.com/services/caddy:${{gitea.sha}}"
+          no-cache: true

README.md

@@ -1,13 +1,34 @@
 # Homelab
 
-A project to store homelab stuff.
+Welcome to my homelab!
 
-Just here for the Arch distoolbox?
+This repo is an in-flux collection of my personal notes, docs, and tutorials of
+things I find interesting and self-host.
 
-[Arch Distoolbox](active/software_distoolbox/distoolbox.md)
+Take a look around!
 
-![Arch Toolbox
+- "Active" projects (/active) are in use today and generally fall into these
-Status](https://gitea.reeseapps.com/services/homelab/actions/workflows/distoolbox.yaml/badge.svg?branch=main)
+  categories:
+  - `aws_` is for aws notes
+  - `device_` is for hardware
+  - `kubernetes_` is for helm charts or other kubernetes hosted software
+  - `os_` is for operating system setup guides and notes
+  - `podman_` is for containerized projects
+  - `software_` is for cli tools, projects without a specific way to host them,
+    or other misfits
+
+All active projects will have a markdown file named after the project. This is
+for quick access via shortcuts like `ctrl + p` in vscode. For example, I want
+to check my notes for `virsh` so I would type `ctrl + p` "virsh" to open
+"virsh.md".
+
+"Retired" projects (/retired) is a graveyard of things I didn't want to delete.
+
+"Template" projects (/templates) are quick templates for creating new active
+projects with sane defaults.
+
+I keep my GPG and SSH keys in `keys` if you want to add those to your keyring
+or give me access to your servers.
 
 ## Table of Contents
 
@@ -18,6 +39,7 @@ Status](https://gitea.reeseapps.com/services/homelab/actions/workflows/distoolbo
     - [inputrc](#inputrc)
     - ["find ." shortcuts](#find--shortcuts)
     - [tmux](#tmux)
+    - [bash](#bash)
   - [SSH Setup](#ssh-setup)
   - [Git GPG Commit Signing](#git-gpg-commit-signing)
   - [Important Dates and Times](#important-dates-and-times)
@@ -62,6 +84,40 @@ find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
 - Even Vertical Distribution: ctrl + b + alt + 2
 - Swap pane order: ctrl + b + : -> swap-pane -t 0
 
+### bash
+
+<https://tecadmin.net/bash-special-variables/>
+
+Here are some handy references for default bash variables
+
+```text
+$0 – The name of the script being executed.
+$1-$9 – The first nine command-line arguments.
+$# – The number of command-line arguments.
+$* – All command-line arguments as a single string.
+$@ – All command-line arguments as an array.
+$? – The exit status of the last executed command.
+$$ – The process ID of the current shell.
+$! – The process ID of the last background command.
+$- – Shows the current shell options or flags. 
+```
+
+And here are the meanings of the shell options
+
+```text
+h – Remember the location of commands as they are looked up
+i – Interactive shell
+m – Job control is enabled
+B – Brace expansion is enabled
+H – History substitution is enabled
+```
+
+So to check if you are in an interactive shell:
+
+```bash
+[ $- == *i* ]] && Some command here
+```
+
 ## SSH Setup
 
 Generate a key (password protect it!)
@@ -176,12 +232,10 @@ All projects will be prefixed with one of the following categories:
 
 - `device_`
 - `os_`
-- `cloud_`
+- `software_`
-- `systemd_`
 - `podman_`
 - `docker_`
 - `kubernetes_`
-- `software_`
 
 Note, some projects will be named with just the prefix. These are projects for
 configuring the underlying technology. The `podman` project, for example, will
@@ -203,24 +257,15 @@ be prefixed with the cloud's name, not the word "cloud". So AWS services will
 be prefixed with `aws_` and azure would be `azure_`. This should make them more
 searchable.
 
-`systemd_` projects are designed to be installed with ansible and run via
+`software_` projects record configuration for common software agnostic to
-systemd on a linux VM or other linux hardware.
+operating system or linux flavor.
 
 `podman_` projects are either designed to be run as quadlets or as podman
 containers outright.
 
-`docker_` projects are either docker-compose or some form of docker run
-command.
-
 `kubernetes_` projects are helm, kustomize, kubectl, or some other kubernetes
 compliant deployment.
 
-`software_` projects record configuration for common software agnostic to
-operating system or linux flavor.
-
-`security_` projects record security best practices and might reference other
-projects, but are usually just best practices and how-tos.
-
 ## Active Project Requirements
 
 - [ ] Installation is documented

active/podman_caddy/Containerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+FROM docker.io/caddy:2-builder AS builder
+
+RUN xcaddy build \
+    --with github.com/caddy-dns/route53@v1.6.0
+
+FROM docker.io/caddy:2
+
+COPY --from=builder /usr/bin/caddy /usr/bin/caddy

active/podman_caddy/caddy.container

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Description=Caddy
 [Container]
 AddCapability=NET_ADMIN
 ContainerName=caddy
-Image=docker.io/caddy:2
+Image=gitea.reeseapps.com/services/caddy:latest
 Network=host
 SecurityLabelDisable=true
 Volume=/etc/caddy:/etc/caddy

active/podman_caddy/caddy.md

@@ -1,11 +1,24 @@
 # Caddy Reverse Proxy
 
 - [Caddy Reverse Proxy](#caddy-reverse-proxy)
+  - [Custom Caddy Image](#custom-caddy-image)
   - [Install Caddy](#install-caddy)
     - [Ansible](#ansible)
     - [Manual](#manual)
   - [Adding a new Caddy Record](#adding-a-new-caddy-record)
 
+## Custom Caddy Image
+
+This repo builds a custom caddy image with route53 DNS certbot support.
+
+```bash
+podman image pull gitea.reeseapps.com/services/caddy:latest
+```
+
+To upgrade the image, check [the caddy-dns route53
+project](https://github.com/caddy-dns/route53/tags) releases and update the
+`Containerfile` with the new version.
+
 ## Install Caddy
 
 ### Ansible

active/podman_jellyfin/jellyfin.md

@@ -1,51 +1,59 @@
 # Jellyfin
 
+- [Jellyfin](#jellyfin)
+  - [Install](#install)
+  - [Upgrade](#upgrade)
+  - [Mounting Media Directory](#mounting-media-directory)
+
 They have podman rootless instructions!
 
 <https://jellyfin.org/docs/general/installation/container/#managing-via-systemd>
 
 ## Install
 
-### Create jellyfin btrfs volume
+1. Create the jellyfin user
+
+    ```bash
+    useradd jellyfin
+    loginctl enable-linger $(id -u jellyfin)
+    systemctl --user --machine=jellyfin@.host enable podman-restart
+    systemctl --user --machine=jellyfin@.host enable --now podman.socket
+    mkdir -p /home/jellyfin/.config/containers/systemd
+    ```
+
+2. Update the jellyfin record in Caddy.
+3. Open port 8096 in the firewall.
+4. Copy the files to the server and start the service
+
+    ```bash
+    export PODMAN_SERVER=3dserver
+    scp -r active/podman_jellyfin/quadlets/. $PODMAN_SERVER:/home/jellyfin/.config/containers/systemd/
+    ssh $PODMAN_SERVER chown -R jellyfin:jellyfin /home/jellyfin/.config/containers/systemd/
+
+    ssh $PODMAN_SERVER
+    machinectl shell jellyfin@
+    systemctl --user daemon-reload
+    systemctl --user restart jellyfin
+    ```
+
+## Upgrade
+
+1. Check [the blog](https://jellyfin.org/posts) for breaking changes
+2. Update the `jellyfin.container` with the new image version
+3. Update quadlets and restart the service
 
 ```bash
-btrfs sub create /btrfs/jellyfin
+# Upload quadlets and restart
+export PODMAN_SERVER=3dserver
+scp -r active/podman_jellyfin/quadlets/. $PODMAN_SERVER:/home/jellyfin/.config/containers/systemd/
+ssh $PODMAN_SERVER chown -R jellyfin:jellyfin /home/jellyfin/.config/containers/systemd/
+
+ssh $PODMAN_SERVER
+machinectl shell jellyfin@
+systemctl --user daemon-reload
+systemctl --user restart jellyfin
 ```
 
-Add /home/jellyfin mount to /etc/fstab
-
-```bash
-systemctl daemon-reload
-mount -a --mkdir
-```
-
-### Create the jellyfin user
-
-```bash
-useradd jellyfin
-loginctl enable-linger $(id -u jellyfin)
-systemctl --user --machine=jellyfin@.host enable podman-restart
-systemctl --user --machine=jellyfin@.host enable --now podman.socket
-mkdir -p /home/jellyfin/.config/containers/systemd
-```
-
-### Install jellyfin
-
-~/.config/containers/systemd/jellyfin.container
-
-```bash
-# Copy the files to the server
-scp -r active/podman_jellyfin/quadlets/. jellyfin:~/.config/containers/systemd/
-ssh jellyfin systemctl --user daemon-reload
-ssh jellyfin systemctl --user start jellyfin
-ssh jellyfin journalctl --user -xeu jellyfin
-ssh jellyfin systemctl --user enable --now podman-auto-update.timer
-```
-
-Update the jellyfin record in Caddy.
-
-Open port 8096 in the firewall.
-
 ## Mounting Media Directory
 
 Update /etc/fstab with the smb disk details.

active/podman_jellyfin/quadlets/jellyfin.container

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 [Container]
-Image=docker.io/jellyfin/jellyfin:latest
+Image=docker.io/jellyfin/jellyfin:10.11.3
 AutoUpdate=registry
 PublishPort=8096:8096/tcp
 UserNS=keep-id
 SecurityLabelDisable=true
 Volume=/home/jellyfin/jellyfin-config:/config:Z
 Volume=/home/jellyfin/jellyfin-cache:/cache:Z
-Volume=/home/jellyfin/jellyfin-media:/media:Z
+Volume=/var/media:/media:Z
 Network=jellyfin.network
 
 [Service]

active/software_virsh/cloud-init/meta-data

@@ -1 +1 @@
-local-hostname: al-2023
+local-hostname: cloud-init-vm

active/software_virsh/cloud-init/user-data

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 users:
   - default
-  - name: ec2-user
+  - name: ducoterra
     lock_passwd: false
     sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
     ssh_authorized_keys:

active/software_virsh/virsh.md

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ Virtual Machine Management
 
 - [Virsh](#virsh)
   - [Before you Begin](#before-you-begin)
+  - [Connecting to External Servers via SSH](#connecting-to-external-servers-via-ssh)
+    - [Configuring Aliases](#configuring-aliases)
+    - [One-off Connections](#one-off-connections)
   - [Useful Virsh Commands](#useful-virsh-commands)
   - [Virsh Networking](#virsh-networking)
     - [Create a Virtual Network](#create-a-virtual-network)
@@ -13,10 +16,11 @@ Virtual Machine Management
     - [Set a Static IP](#set-a-static-ip)
   - [Creating VMs](#creating-vms)
     - [Create VM with No Graphics and use an Existing QCOW2 Disk](#create-vm-with-no-graphics-and-use-an-existing-qcow2-disk)
-      - [Cloud Init Compatible VMs](#cloud-init-compatible-vms)
+      - [Create a Cloud Init Compatible VM](#create-a-cloud-init-compatible-vm)
     - [Create VM with Graphics using an ISO Installation Disk](#create-vm-with-graphics-using-an-iso-installation-disk)
     - [Create VM using Host Device as Disk](#create-vm-using-host-device-as-disk)
   - [Snapshots](#snapshots)
+  - [Virt Builder](#virt-builder)
 
 ## Before you Begin
 
@@ -28,6 +32,29 @@ Virtual Machine Management
 6. Tell virsh to connect to your root system rather than your user: `export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI='qemu:///system'`
 7. Export your editor so virsh knows what to use: `export EDITOR=vim`
 
+## Connecting to External Servers via SSH
+
+<https://libvirt.org/uri.html#ssh-transport>
+
+### Configuring Aliases
+
+1. Edit `~/.config/libvirt/libvirt.conf`
+2. Add your aliases
+
+    ```bash
+    uri_aliases = [
+        "3dserver=qemu+ssh://3dserver/system",
+    ]
+    ```
+
+3. Export the alias: `export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=3dserver`
+
+### One-off Connections
+
+```bash
+export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI='qemu+ssh://user@server/system'
+```
+
 ## Useful Virsh Commands
 
 ```bash
@@ -207,10 +234,42 @@ virt-install \
 --import --disk "path=${VM_DISK_PATH},bus=virtio"
 ```
 
-#### Cloud Init Compatible VMs
+#### Create a Cloud Init Compatible VM
+
+<https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/examples.html>
 
 ```bash
---cloud-init user-data="active/software_virsh/cloud-init/user-data,meta-data=active/software_virsh/cloud-init/meta-data"
+# Fedora
+# https://fedoraproject.org/cloud/download
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-fedora"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic-43-1.6.x86_64.qcow2
+
+# Rocky
+# https://rockylinux.org/download
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-rocky"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/Rocky-10-GenericCloud-Base.latest.x86_64.qcow2
+
+# Ubuntu
+# https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-ubuntu"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img
+
+# Debian
+# https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/20251117-2299/
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-debian"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/debian-13-generic-amd64-20251117-2299.qcow2
+
+# Set --cloud-init disable=no to allow cloud-init to run again after first boot
+virt-install \
+--name "${VM_NAME}" \
+--boot uefi,firmware.feature0.name=secure-boot,firmware.feature0.enabled=no \
+--cpu host-passthrough --vcpus sockets=1,cores=8,threads=2 \
+--ram=8192 \
+--os-variant=fedora41 \
+--network bridge:virbr0 \
+--graphics none \
+--import --disk "path=${VM_DISK_PATH},bus=virtio" \
+--cloud-init disable=yes,user-data="active/software_virsh/cloud-init/user-data,meta-data=active/software_virsh/cloud-init/meta-data"
 ```
 
 ### Create VM with Graphics using an ISO Installation Disk
@@ -222,8 +281,8 @@ virt-install \
 # `--console pty,target.type=virtio` adds a console connection
 # For any command, use `virt-install --arg=?` to see all available options
 export VM_NAME="fedora43-kinoite-test"
-export VM_ISO_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/iso/
+export VM_ISO_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/iso/fedora43.iso
-export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/fedora43.qcow2
 virt-install \
 --name "${VM_NAME}" \
 --boot uefi,firmware.feature0.name=secure-boot,firmware.feature0.enabled=no \
@@ -262,3 +321,33 @@ virt-install \
 ## Snapshots
 
 See [qemu qcow2 snapshots](/active/software_qemu/qemu.md#qcow2-snapshots)
+
+## Virt Builder
+
+<https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/virtualization/vm-install-diskimg-virtbuilder/#_minimal_effort_customization>
+
+You can use virt-builder to build vm images
+
+```bash
+export VM_NAME=fedora42-vb
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/fedora42-vb.qcow2
+
+# Build the image
+virt-builder fedora-42 \
+--format qcow2 --output ${VM_DISK_PATH} \
+--root-password locked:disabled \
+--hostname ${VM_NAME} \
+--selinux-relabel \
+--firstboot-command 'useradd -m -G wheel -p "" ducoterra ; chage -d 0 ducoterra'
+
+# Run the built image
+virt-install \
+--name "${VM_NAME}" \
+--cpu host-passthrough --vcpus sockets=1,cores=8,threads=2 \
+--ram=8192 \
+--os-variant=fedora41 \
+--network bridge:virbr0 \
+--graphics none \
+--console pty,target.type=virtio \
+--import --disk "path=${VM_DISK_PATH},bus=virtio"
+```