get cloud-init working consistently

active/software_virsh/cloud-init/meta-data

@@ -1 +1 @@
-local-hostname: al-2023
+local-hostname: cloud-init-vm

active/software_virsh/cloud-init/user-data

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 users:
   - default
-  - name: ec2-user
+  - name: ducoterra
     lock_passwd: false
     sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
     ssh_authorized_keys:

active/software_virsh/virsh.md

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ Virtual Machine Management
 
 - [Virsh](#virsh)
   - [Before you Begin](#before-you-begin)
+  - [Connecting to External Servers via SSH](#connecting-to-external-servers-via-ssh)
+    - [Configuring Aliases](#configuring-aliases)
+    - [One-off Connections](#one-off-connections)
   - [Useful Virsh Commands](#useful-virsh-commands)
   - [Virsh Networking](#virsh-networking)
     - [Create a Virtual Network](#create-a-virtual-network)
@@ -13,10 +16,11 @@ Virtual Machine Management
     - [Set a Static IP](#set-a-static-ip)
   - [Creating VMs](#creating-vms)
     - [Create VM with No Graphics and use an Existing QCOW2 Disk](#create-vm-with-no-graphics-and-use-an-existing-qcow2-disk)
-      - [Cloud Init Compatible VMs](#cloud-init-compatible-vms)
+      - [Create a Cloud Init Compatible VM](#create-a-cloud-init-compatible-vm)
     - [Create VM with Graphics using an ISO Installation Disk](#create-vm-with-graphics-using-an-iso-installation-disk)
     - [Create VM using Host Device as Disk](#create-vm-using-host-device-as-disk)
   - [Snapshots](#snapshots)
+  - [Virt Builder](#virt-builder)
 
 ## Before you Begin
 
@@ -28,6 +32,29 @@ Virtual Machine Management
 6. Tell virsh to connect to your root system rather than your user: `export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI='qemu:///system'`
 7. Export your editor so virsh knows what to use: `export EDITOR=vim`
 
+## Connecting to External Servers via SSH
+
+<https://libvirt.org/uri.html#ssh-transport>
+
+### Configuring Aliases
+
+1. Edit `~/.config/libvirt/libvirt.conf`
+2. Add your aliases
+
+    ```bash
+    uri_aliases = [
+        "3dserver=qemu+ssh://3dserver/system",
+    ]
+    ```
+
+3. Export the alias: `export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=3dserver`
+
+### One-off Connections
+
+```bash
+export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI='qemu+ssh://user@server/system'
+```
+
 ## Useful Virsh Commands
 
 ```bash
@@ -207,10 +234,42 @@ virt-install \
 --import --disk "path=${VM_DISK_PATH},bus=virtio"
 ```
 
-#### Cloud Init Compatible VMs
+#### Create a Cloud Init Compatible VM
+
+<https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/reference/examples.html>
 
 ```bash
---cloud-init user-data="active/software_virsh/cloud-init/user-data,meta-data=active/software_virsh/cloud-init/meta-data"
+# Fedora
+# https://fedoraproject.org/cloud/download
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-fedora"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-Generic-43-1.6.x86_64.qcow2
+
+# Rocky
+# https://rockylinux.org/download
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-rocky"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/Rocky-10-GenericCloud-Base.latest.x86_64.qcow2
+
+# Ubuntu
+# https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/noble/current/
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-ubuntu"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/noble-server-cloudimg-amd64.img
+
+# Debian
+# https://cloud.debian.org/images/cloud/trixie/20251117-2299/
+export VM_NAME="cloud-init-test-debian"
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/debian-13-generic-amd64-20251117-2299.qcow2
+
+# Set --cloud-init disable=no to allow cloud-init to run again after first boot
+virt-install \
+--name "${VM_NAME}" \
+--boot uefi,firmware.feature0.name=secure-boot,firmware.feature0.enabled=no \
+--cpu host-passthrough --vcpus sockets=1,cores=8,threads=2 \
+--ram=8192 \
+--os-variant=fedora41 \
+--network bridge:virbr0 \
+--graphics none \
+--import --disk "path=${VM_DISK_PATH},bus=virtio" \
+--cloud-init disable=yes,user-data="active/software_virsh/cloud-init/user-data,meta-data=active/software_virsh/cloud-init/meta-data"
 ```
 
 ### Create VM with Graphics using an ISO Installation Disk
@@ -222,8 +281,8 @@ virt-install \
 # `--console pty,target.type=virtio` adds a console connection
 # For any command, use `virt-install --arg=?` to see all available options
 export VM_NAME="fedora43-kinoite-test"
-export VM_ISO_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/iso/
+export VM_ISO_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/iso/fedora43.iso
-export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/fedora43.qcow2
 virt-install \
 --name "${VM_NAME}" \
 --boot uefi,firmware.feature0.name=secure-boot,firmware.feature0.enabled=no \
@@ -262,3 +321,33 @@ virt-install \
 ## Snapshots
 
 See [qemu qcow2 snapshots](/active/software_qemu/qemu.md#qcow2-snapshots)
+
+## Virt Builder
+
+<https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora-server/virtualization/vm-install-diskimg-virtbuilder/#_minimal_effort_customization>
+
+You can use virt-builder to build vm images
+
+```bash
+export VM_NAME=fedora42-vb
+export VM_DISK_PATH=/var/lib/libvirt/images/fedora42-vb.qcow2
+
+# Build the image
+virt-builder fedora-42 \
+--format qcow2 --output ${VM_DISK_PATH} \
+--root-password locked:disabled \
+--hostname ${VM_NAME} \
+--selinux-relabel \
+--firstboot-command 'useradd -m -G wheel -p "" ducoterra ; chage -d 0 ducoterra'
+
+# Run the built image
+virt-install \
+--name "${VM_NAME}" \
+--cpu host-passthrough --vcpus sockets=1,cores=8,threads=2 \
+--ram=8192 \
+--os-variant=fedora41 \
+--network bridge:virbr0 \
+--graphics none \
+--console pty,target.type=virtio \
+--import --disk "path=${VM_DISK_PATH},bus=virtio"
+```