// Undercooked — the snapshot buffer and render-time interpolation
// (phase 07 task 03).
//
// A pure module: no DOM, no network, no wall clock — the clock is
// injected (`now`), which is what the e2e suite
// (`tests/e2e/test_us06_interp_math.py`) drives with synthetic streams.
//
// The buffer turns the `snap` stream into render-time frames:
//
// * frames are keyed by `t` (the server tick) and arrive in order;
//   an older-or-duplicate `t` is **dropped** (counted), a `t` jump is
//   a **gap** (recorded with its size);
// * a gap *longer than* `MAX_GAP_TICKS` (6) sets the resync latch and
//   fires `onResync` — **debounced to one request per
//   `RESYNC_DEBOUNCE_MS` (500 ms)**. While the latch is set, delta
//   frames are *skipped* (their changes were partly missed; applying
//   them against a stale `prev` would freeze half-changed state in the
//   view): the stream's full cadence (`FULL_SNAPSHOT_EVERY_TICKS`,
//   phase 06) guarantees a full frame arrives, and it clears the
//   latch. That is the whole resync contract: never ask, just hold —
//   the next full frame is the resync.
// * if no frame arrives for `maxAgeMs`, `sample()` **freezes** on the
//   latest frame instead of extrapolating: the buffer never animates a
//   ghost cook into a wall.
//
// `sample(now)` renders at `now - interpDelayMs` (the fixed 100 ms
// delay, docs/CLIENT.md "why 100 ms"): it returns the two bracketing
// decoded frames `{a, b}` plus the lerp factor `alpha` (0..1, by the
// frames' arrival times), or the frozen hold (`a === b`, `alpha 0`).
// `lerpState(a, b, alpha)` turns the bracket into a render-ready state:
// positions lerp along the straight line (the shorter path — a cook
// never passes through a wall, so the chord is the path), the facing
// snaps at the `alpha >= 0.5` boundary, progress / time-left / hazard
// life lerp, and entities added or removed between the frames appear at
// `b` (visible from `alpha 0`, at `b`'s position) and vanish at the
// `b` boundary (held at `a`'s position until `alpha >= 0.5`, then gone).
// Stations and orders diff by their wire identity (`k` + coordinates /
// `id`), players and hazards the same.
//
// `applyDelta` (imported from `net/decode.js`, re-exported here for the
// buffer's surface) decodes a raw frame; the buffer only ever stores
// decoded full frames.

import { applyDelta as decodeApplyDelta } from "./decode.js";

export { decodeApplyDelta as applyDelta };

/** A `t` jump longer than this is a resync (6 = three 200 ms
 * snapshot windows: beyond that the missing frames have changed too
 * much to bridge by interpolation). */
export const MAX_GAP_TICKS = 6;

/** A resync request fires at most once per this window (debounce). */
export const RESYNC_DEBOUNCE_MS = 500;

/**
 * One jitter-tolerant snapshot buffer.
 *
 * `push(raw)` — a raw `snap` frame (`full: true`, or a delta applied
 * against the last decoded full); returns true when it was applied.
 * `sample(nowMs?)` — `{a, b, alpha}` (or the frozen hold), null while
 * empty. `latest()` — the last decoded full frame (the delta's `prev`),
 * or null. `needsFullResync()` — the latch. `stats()` — the census
 * (`pushed`, `dropped`, `gaps`, `maxGapTicks`, `skippedUntilFull`,
 * `resyncs`, `lastT`).
 */
export function createSnapshotBuffer({
  interpDelayMs = 100,
  maxAgeMs = 1000,
  now = null,
  onResync = null,
} = {}) {
  const clock = typeof now === "function" ? now : () => performance.now();
  const frames = new Map(); // t -> { frame (decoded full), at (clock ms) }
  let lastT = null; // the greatest tick applied
  let lastPushAt = null; // the clock time of the last applied frame
  let resyncPending = false;
  let lastResyncAt = null; // the debounce window's start
  const stats = {
    pushed: 0,
    dropped: 0,
    gaps: 0,
    maxGapTicks: 0,
    skippedUntilFull: 0,
    resyncs: 0,
  };

  function requestResync() {
    const at = clock();
    if (lastResyncAt !== null && at - lastResyncAt < RESYNC_DEBOUNCE_MS) {
      return; // debounced: one request per window
    }
    lastResyncAt = at;
    stats.resyncs += 1;
    if (typeof onResync === "function") onResync();
  }

  function prune() {
    // Keep the interpolation window (a 100 ms delay is two 50 ms ticks,
    // plus margin) and the most recent frames; anything older than
    // `maxAgeMs + interpDelayMs` and at least 4 ticks back is dropped.
    for (const [t, entry] of frames) {
      if (
        lastT - t >= 4 &&
        lastPushAt !== null &&
        lastPushAt - entry.at > maxAgeMs + interpDelayMs
      ) {
        frames.delete(t);
      }
    }
  }

  function push(raw) {
    if (raw === null || typeof raw !== "object" || typeof raw.t !== "number") {
      stats.dropped += 1; // malformed: counted, never fatal
      return false;
    }
    if (lastT !== null && raw.t <= lastT) {
      stats.dropped += 1; // older (or duplicate): the stream is ordered
      return false;
    }
    if (lastT !== null && raw.t > lastT + 1) {
      const gap = raw.t - lastT;
      stats.gaps += 1;
      if (gap > stats.maxGapTicks) stats.maxGapTicks = gap;
      if (gap > MAX_GAP_TICKS) {
        resyncPending = true;
        requestResync();
      }
    }
    if (resyncPending && raw.full !== true) {
      // The chain is broken (a delta whose `prev` we do not have):
      // hold until the next full frame clears the latch.
      stats.skippedUntilFull += 1;
      return false;
    }
    const at = clock();
    const decoded =
      raw.full === true ? raw : decodeApplyDelta(raw, latest());
    frames.set(raw.t, { frame: decoded, at });
    lastT = raw.t;
    lastPushAt = at;
    stats.pushed += 1;
    if (raw.full === true) resyncPending = false;
    prune();
    return true;
  }

  function latest() {
    if (lastT === null) return null;
    const entry = frames.get(lastT);
    return entry === undefined ? null : entry.frame;
  }

  function isFrozen(nowMs) {
    return lastPushAt !== null && nowMs - lastPushAt > maxAgeMs;
  }

  /**
   * The two bracketing decoded frames plus the lerp factor, at
   * `nowMs - interpDelayMs` (an explicit `nowMs` wins over the clock —
   * the synthetic-stream seam). Null while empty; the frozen hold
   * (`a === b`, `alpha 0`, `frozen: true`) when the stream went quiet
   * or when the render time outran every frame (a latency spike:
   * hold, never extrapolate).
   */
  function sample(nowMs) {
    const at = typeof nowMs === "number" ? nowMs : clock();
    if (frames.size === 0) return null;
    const ordered = [...frames.values()].sort((x, y) => x.at - y.at);
    const newest = ordered[ordered.length - 1];
    if (isFrozen(at) || at - interpDelayMs >= newest.at) {
      return { a: newest.frame, b: newest.frame, alpha: 0, frozen: true };
    }
    const renderAt = at - interpDelayMs;
    let bIdx = -1;
    for (let i = 0; i < ordered.length; i += 1) {
      if (ordered[i].at >= renderAt) {
        bIdx = i;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (bIdx === -1) {
      // `renderAt` is before the first frame (a late start): hold.
      const oldest = ordered[0];
      return { a: oldest.frame, b: oldest.frame, alpha: 0 };
    }
    if (bIdx === 0) {
      const b = ordered[0];
      return { a: b.frame, b: b.frame, alpha: 0 };
    }
    const aEntry = ordered[bIdx - 1];
    const bEntry = ordered[bIdx];
    const span = bEntry.at - aEntry.at;
    const alpha =
      span > 0
        ? Math.min(1, Math.max(0, (renderAt - aEntry.at) / span))
        : 0;
    return { a: aEntry.frame, b: bEntry.frame, alpha };
  }

  return {
    push,
    sample,
    latest,
    needsFullResync: () => resyncPending,
    stats: () => ({ ...stats, lastT, frozen: isFrozen(clock()) }),
  };
}

// ------------------------------------------------------------ lerpState

function lerp(v0, v1, alpha) {
  return v0 + (v1 - v0) * alpha;
}

function num(value, fallback = 0) {
  return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) ? value : fallback;
}

/**
 * One collection between two frames: the union of the identity keys, in
 * `left`'s order then the new ones; an entity in both is lerped (the
 * per-kind fields below), one only in `right` appears at `b` (its own
 * values, visible for the whole interval), one only in `left` vanishes
 * at the `b` boundary (held until `alpha >= 0.5`, then dropped).
 */
function lerpCollection(left, right, key, kind, alpha, atHalf) {
  const rightKeys = new Set(right.map((e) => key(e)));
  const out = [];
  for (const a of left) {
    const k = key(a);
    if (!rightKeys.has(k)) {
      if (!atHalf) out.push(a); // still visible: held at a's values
      continue;
    }
    const b = right.find((e) => key(e) === k);
    out.push(lerpEntry(a, b, kind, alpha, atHalf));
  }
  for (const b of right) {
    if (!left.some((a) => key(a) === key(b))) out.push(b); // appears at b
  }
  return out;
}

function lerpEntry(a, b, kind, alpha, atHalf) {
  if (kind === "player") {
    return {
      ...b,
      x: lerp(num(a.x), num(b.x), alpha),
      y: lerp(num(a.y), num(b.y), alpha),
      f: atHalf ? b.f : a.f, // the facing snaps at the boundary
      h: atHalf ? b.h : a.h, // the carried item snaps with it
      s: atHalf ? b.s : a.s, // the state snaps with it
    };
  }
  if (kind === "station") {
    return {
      ...b,
      p: lerp(num(a.p), num(b.p), alpha), // the progress lerps
      q: lerp(num(a.q, 1), num(b.q, 1), alpha), // the content quality
      g: atHalf ? b.g : a.g,
      s: atHalf ? b.s : a.s,
    };
  }
  if (kind === "order") {
    return {
      ...b,
      l: lerp(num(a.l), num(b.l), alpha), // the time-left share lerps
    };
  }
  // hazard: the life lerps; a `moving_obstacle`'s position does too
  return {
    ...b,
    x: lerp(num(a.x), num(b.x), alpha),
    y: lerp(num(a.y), num(b.y), alpha),
    l: lerp(num(a.l), num(b.l), alpha),
  };
}

const PLAYERS = (f) => (Array.isArray(f.p) ? f.p : []);
const STATIONS = (f) => (Array.isArray(f.st) ? f.st : []);
const ORDERS = (f) => (Array.isArray(f.o) ? f.o : []);
const HAZARDS = (f) => (Array.isArray(f.hz) ? f.hz : []);

const P_KEY = (e) => `p:${e.i}`;
const S_KEY = (e) => `st:${e.k}@${e.x},${e.y}`;
const O_KEY = (e) => `o:${e.id}`;
const H_KEY = (e) => `hz:${e.t}@${e.x},${e.y}`;

/**
 * A render-ready state from the bracketing frames: `lerpState(a, b,
 * alpha)` with `a === b` (the frozen hold) returns `b`'s values
 * verbatim for the discrete fields. The scalars: `t`/`s`/`tgt` from
 * `b` (discrete), `tl` lerped; `e` rides with `b` (the renderer
 * consumes events through the event queue, not the lerp).
 */
export function lerpState(a, b, alpha) {
  if (b === null || typeof b !== "object") {
    throw new Error("lerpState: `b` is not a frame");
  }
  const left = a === null || typeof a !== "object" ? b : a;
  const factor = typeof alpha === "number" ? Math.min(1, Math.max(0, alpha)) : 0;
  const atHalf = factor >= 0.5;
  return {
    full: true,
    t: b.t,
    s: b.s,
    tgt: b.tgt,
    tl: lerp(num(left.tl), num(b.tl), factor),
    p: lerpCollection(PLAYERS(left), PLAYERS(b), P_KEY, "player", factor, atHalf),
    st: lerpCollection(STATIONS(left), STATIONS(b), S_KEY, "station", factor, atHalf),
    o: lerpCollection(ORDERS(left), ORDERS(b), O_KEY, "order", factor, atHalf),
    hz: lerpCollection(HAZARDS(left), HAZARDS(b), H_KEY, "hazard", factor, atHalf),
    e: Array.isArray(b.e) ? b.e : [],
  };
}